Dental calculus is common in dogs and contributes to periodontal disease by promoting plaque accumulation. While daily tooth brushing is the gold standard for prevention, the gold standard for calculus removal is professional dental cleaning under anesthesia at a veterinary clinic. Ultrasonic toothbrushes are marketed as alternatives for single-session calculus removal while the dog is awake; however, there is currently no scientific evidence supporting their effectiveness for this purpose. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a single ultrasonic toothbrush session for canine dental calculus removal. The study consisted of two parts. In part one, beagle dogs with confirmed dental calculus underwent a single session of ultrasonic toothbrush application on the maxillary canine and maxillary fourth premolar, with six minutes per tooth. Stress levels were assessed using the FAS scale (Fear, Anxiety, and Stress). In part two, teeth with dental calculus from specimens were treated with the ultrasonic toothbrush for up to 40 minutes per tooth. A blinded assessor evaluated dental calculus index pre- and posttreatment.
No visible reduction in calculus was observed in the beagle dogs. Stress during brushing was low (<2 out of 5 on FAS-scale) and significantly lower (p < 0.05) for canine teeth compared to the fourth premolar. Among the specimens, 7 out of 10 teeth lost small pieces of calculus during mechanical dislodgement with a fingernail after 6–28 minutes of ultrasonic toothbrush treatment; however, only two teeth showed sufficient reduction to lower the calculus index.
Ultrasonic toothbrushes show no significant impact on dental calculus removal as claimed by service providers. While extended use on a single area (>10 minutes) may slightly weaken calculus, its clinical relevance is minimal. These brushes are effective for daily prevention of calculus but not for its removal once formed. Professional dental cleaning at a veterinary clinic is recommended to address calculus and ensure other dental issues are not overlooked.
